{"id":7408,"date":"2020-10-11T16:46:52","date_gmt":"2020-10-11T11:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/?p=7408"},"modified":"2020-11-11T16:54:21","modified_gmt":"2020-11-11T11:24:21","slug":"comparative-difference-between-indian-and-european-cows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/7408\/animal-husbandry\/comparative-difference-between-indian-and-european-cows\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0940, \u0939\u0949\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f, \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 1.5 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0925\u093e &#8211; \u092c\u0949\u0938 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u093e (<em>Bos<\/em> genre)\u0964 1.5 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0918\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092c\u0949\u0938 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 (Genetic) \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0917\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a 3 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f (<em>Bos indicus<\/em>),<\/li>\n<li>\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0940, \u0939\u0949\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f (<em>Bos taurus<\/em>), \u090f\u0935\u0902<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u093e\u0915 (Yak &#8211; <em>Bos grunniens<\/em>)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 6,10,000 \u2013 8,50,000 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940 (MacHugh et al. 1997)\u0964 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u091c\u0947\u092c\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0942\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0938 \u0928\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0938 (<em>Bos nomadicus<\/em>) \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094c\u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 8000 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0942 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e (Desai 1978)\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7409\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Indian-cow-europian-cow-yak.jpg?resize=500%2C170&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Indian-cow-europian-cow-yak.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Indian-cow-europian-cow-yak.jpg?resize=300%2C102&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u0940\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f, \u091c\u0947\u092c\u0942 (Zebu cattle) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u200c\u200c\u200c\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0935 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><strong> (Conformation)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0917\u0932\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u091f\u094d\u0920\u0947 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0930 <\/strong><strong>\u200c\u200c\u200c\u0915\u093e \u090a\u092c\u093e\u0930 (Poll)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090a\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7410\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-horn-shape.jpg?resize=500%2C114&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-horn-shape.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-horn-shape.jpg?resize=300%2C68&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0901\u0916\u0947\u0902 (<\/strong><strong>Eyes)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u092c\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7411\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-Eye-shape.jpg?resize=500%2C123&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-Eye-shape.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-Eye-shape.jpg?resize=300%2C74&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0940\u0902\u0917 (<\/strong><strong>Horns)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0902\u0917 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928-\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0902\u0917 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7412\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-horn-size.jpg?resize=500%2C148&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"148\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-horn-size.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-horn-size.jpg?resize=300%2C89&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0928<\/strong><strong> (Ears)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935 \u0932\u091f\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7413\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-ear-shape.jpg?resize=500%2C115&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-ear-shape.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-ear-shape.jpg?resize=300%2C69&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0932\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932<\/strong><strong> (Dewlap)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u0932\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7414\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-Dewlap.jpg?resize=500%2C149&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-Dewlap.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-Dewlap.jpg?resize=300%2C89&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u200c\u200c\u200c\u0922\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0920 (Hump)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0922\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0920 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7415\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-hump-size.jpg?resize=500%2C117&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-hump-size.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-hump-size.jpg?resize=300%2C70&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0940<\/strong><strong> (Navel)<\/strong>: \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u092e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0922\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7416\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-naval-shape.jpg?resize=500%2C82&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"82\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-naval-shape.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-naval-shape.jpg?resize=300%2C49&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u200c\u200c\u200c\u092a\u0942\u0901\u091b (Tail)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0901\u091b \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7417\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-tail-size.jpg?resize=500%2C97&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-tail-size.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/cow-tail-size.jpg?resize=300%2C58&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0916\u0941\u0930<\/strong><strong> (Hooves)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0935\u091f\u0940<\/strong><strong> (Udder)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0935\u091f\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0935\u091f\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0922\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0940 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><strong> (Vocal cord)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0924\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e<\/strong><strong> (Skin)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932<\/strong><strong> (Hairs on skin)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0918\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u092f\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0938\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><strong> (Sweat glands)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0938\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (Nay and Hayman 1956)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u200c\u200c\u200c\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0947\u0902 (Intestine)<\/strong>: \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong><strong> (Heat tolerance)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 (Bradley et al. 1996, Hansen 2004)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (Hansen 2004)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u200c\u200c\u200c\u091a\u093f\u091a\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0924\u093e (Tick resistance)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u091a\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (Cunningham and Syrstad 1987)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong><strong> (Disease resistance)<\/strong>: \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/strong><strong> (Life subsistence)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094c\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094c\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (Cunningham and Syrstad 1987)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u200c\u200c\u200c\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Water intake)<\/strong>: \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932 <\/strong><strong>(Productive life)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 8 &#8211; 10 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 4 &#8211; 6 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u0940\u0928<\/strong><strong> (Milk casein)<\/strong>: \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a &#8211; 2 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a &#8211; 1 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (Truswell 2005)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><strong> (Maternity)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u092e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u200c\u200c\u200c\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939<\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092b-\u0938\u0941\u0925\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Bradley D.G., et al., 1996, \u201cMitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle,\u201d Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; 93(10): 5131-5135.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Cunningham E.P. and Syrstad O., 1987, \u201cTypes and breeds of tropical and temperate cattle. Crossbreeding Bos indicus and Bos taurus for milk production in the Tropics,\u201d FOA, Rome. Paper, 68.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Desai M.D., 1978, &#8220;Marketing of cattle and buffaloes in Gujarat, Chapter 1: Cattle and Buffaloes,&#8221; Thesis Submitted to Sardar Patel University for the Degree of Ph.D. (Commerce).<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Hansen P.J., 2004, \u201cPhysiological and cellular adaptations of zebu cattle to thermal stress,\u201d Animal reproduction science; 82-83: 349-360.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>MacHugh D.E., et al., 1997, \u201cMicrosatellite DNA variation and the evolution, domestication and phylogeography of taurine and zebu cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus),\u201d Genetics 146(3): 1071-1086.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Nay T. and Hayman R.H., 1956, \u201cSweat glands in Zebu (Bos indicus L.) and European (B. taurus L.) cattle. I. Size of individual glands, the denseness of their population, and their depth below the skin surface,\u201d Australian Journal of Agricultural Research; 7(5): 482-92.<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Truswell A.S., 2005, \u201cThe A2 milk case: a critical review,\u201d European journal of clinical nutrition; 59(5): 623-631.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0940, \u0939\u0949\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f, \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 1.5 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0925\u093e <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/7408\/animal-husbandry\/comparative-difference-between-indian-and-european-cows\/\" title=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\">&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,35],"tags":[25,261,283,317,376],"ppma_author":[445],"class_list":{"0":"post-7408","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-animal-husbandry","8":"category-dairy-husbandry","9":"tag-dairy-animal","10":"tag-dairy-farming","11":"tag-dairy","12":"tag-cow","13":"tag-indigenous-breed","14":"author-dr_k_l_dahiya"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/indigenous-cow.jpg?fit=500%2C333&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcrUCe-1Vu","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"authors":[{"term_id":445,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"dr_k_l_dahiya","display_name":"\u0921\u0949. \u0915\u0947.\u090f\u0932. \u0926\u0939\u093f\u092f\u093e","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Dr-K.L.-Dahiya.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Dr-K.L.-Dahiya.jpg"},"author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":"\u092a\u0936\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0915, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932, \u0939\u092e\u0940\u0926\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u0915\u0941\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e"}],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7408"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7408\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7651,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7408\/revisions\/7651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7408"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epashupalan.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}