Management of Prepartum Prolapse in Bovines

Protrusion of the whole or part of vagina through the vulva is called vaginal prolapse. It occurs mostly in late gestation (last 2 to 3 months of gestation) and some times encountered after parturition.

• If the  pregnant animal is on the  fodder containing oestrogenic  property or large  amount of oestrogen hormone is being secreted by the placenta, it cause  relaxation  of the  pelvic  ligaments,  vulva  and vulvar sphincter muscles.
• Hypocalcaemia, Excessive deposition of fat in the perivaginal connective tissue, inadequate exercise and vaginal irritation are predisposing factor.

Based on progression, severity  and  prognosis vaginal prolapse can be classified into:

1. First- degree Prolapse: The floor of the vagina protrudes intermittently  through the vulva, usually only when the  cow is lying  down;  but  disappears  when she stands up, is called  first degree prolapse.
2. Second- degree Prolapse: The prolapse in which the floor of vagina is in continuous prolapse even when the  cow stands up is  called  second degree prolapse.
3. Third- degree Prolapse: The prolapse in which both the cervix and almost the entire vagina remain protruded is called third-degree prolapse.
4. Fourth- degree Prolapse: Second or third degree prolapse that has been exposed for a long period and necrosis and fibrosis has occurred, is called fourth degree prolapse.

Treatment

• Clean the prolapsed mass thoroughly with mild antiseptic solution.
• Administer posterior epidural anaesthesia.
• Replace the prolapse portion and retain it their place with shoe lashes suture over vulval lips.
• Systemic antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and local cleaning of the area should be done for 5 to 7 days.

General Management and Care of Post Parturient Dam

• Following parturition, the dam should be allowed to lick and nurse her young.
• Excitement, noise or any unusual happening should be avoided
• The soiled hind quarters and perineum including udder should be cleaned and dried.
• Give warm water and gruel to drink just after parturition.
• Give feed to the cow, first  only bran mash moistened with luke warm water to provide laxative effect. Some green grass may also be given.
• The placenta is normally expelled within 2-4 hours. If it is not expelled by 12 hours  then give treatment  for expulsion of placenta.
• The amount of grain (bran,  oats, maize etc.) Should be increased gradually during the first three weeks after parturition to prevent  ketosis.
• Moderate and light exercise daily should be given after parturition
• If genital discharge is purulent in nature, the animal should be treated with suitable antimicrobial agent.
• If  the  animal is unable to rise, further examination should be made to determine  whether obturator paralysis, dislocation of the hips, spinal injuries or milk fever is/ are present