The process of reproduction in all farm animals begins with exhibition of cyclical activity after attaining age of puberty. The start of biological clock (estrus cycle) is a >>>
Synchronization is the process in which we bring group of animals together in estrus within a stipulated period of time. In a group of randomly cycling females, the time of occurrence of estrus >>>
In a group of randomly cycling females, the time of occurrence of estrus cannot be predicted with certainty for an individual animal. Detection of estrus is time consuming, laborious and subject to >>>
After heifers reach puberty cyclicity is begins. Estrous cycles give a chance to heifer or cow to become pregnant about every 21 days. During each estrous cycle, follicles develop in wavelike patterns >>>
Oestrus is defined as a type of sexual behaviour near the time of ovulation which is characterized by the acceptance of the male. Anoestrus indicates the lack of this typical oestrus expression at an expected time. >>>
Repeat breeder cow/buffalo is an animal which has failed to become pregnant when bred three cycles continuously, to a fertile bull or by AI. The animal has apparently normal genitalia with clear >>>
The induction of labor at or near term in domestic animals may be required for some physiologic and pathologic reasons. Planned deliveries allow closer attendance at parturition and reduce accidental >>>
Reproductive hormones induce heat (estrus) in cows. There is no production without reproduction. Hormone is a a chemical messenger that gets released from hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, uterus >>>
Protrusion of the whole or part of vagina through the vulva is called vaginal prolapse. It occurs mostly in late gestation (last 2 to 3 months of gestation) and some times encountered after >>>
Bruises, lacerations and rupture of birth canal Etiology Calving difficulties/ dystocia. Rough handling of the calf . Rough handling of the maternal tissues. Careless use of obstetrical instruments. >>>
A caesarean section is an incision through the abdominal wall to deliver a calf or other animal. Caesarean sections, also known as C-sections, are necessary in adult dairy cattle when vaginal delivery >>>
There are numerous problems that occur around parturition and thus affect the health of the dam very critically. A lot of problems like trauma of the genital tract or bony pelvis may lead to fatal haemorrhage >>>
The vaginal prolapse is more common and looks like a pink mass of tissue about the size of a large grapefruit or volleyball. Prolapse of the uterus is a larger, longer mass, deeper red >>>
Puerperal endometritis is an acute systemic illness due to infection of the uterus with bacteria mostly within 10 days after parturition. It is often associated with RFM dystocia, still >>>
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