Vaccination in farm and companion animals is an effective way to reduce disease prevalence and most important tool in maintaining health and welfare of animals. Vaccines plays an important role in animal health and disease control program. All those who care for animals, including pet owners and farmers have a duty to protect the health and welfare of animals. Vaccines are available for many animal diseases, making these diseases preventable. Vaccination in animals is particularly important for those diseases which have limited or have no treatment options available. Preventing disease in animals underpins the concept of “One Health” as vaccination in animals not only prevents, controls and eradicates diseases in animals but also in human.
Vaccination Schedule for Cattle and Buffaloes
|
Disease |
Age and booster doses | Route | Remarks |
Vaccines available |
| Foot and mouth disease (FMD) | 4 months; booster at 2-4 weeks after primary vaccination; repeat every 6 months.
|
3 ml SC | Pregnant animals above 7 months of pregnancy should be avoided | BOVILIS FMDV GEL; FUTVAC; RAKSHA |
| Oil adjuvant vaccines4 months; repeat 9 months after primary vaccination; then Annual | 2 ml IM | RAKSHA-OVAC; BOVILIS CLOVAX | ||
| Black quarter (BQ) | 6 months; repeat yearly before monsoon | 2 ml SC | May – June | BLACK QUARTER VACCINE |
| Hemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) | 6 months; repeat yearly before monsoon | 2 ml SC | May/ June | RAKSHA-HS., Bovilis HS |
| Anthrax | 6 months; repeat yearly | 1 ml SC | Only in endemic areas
-One month before grazing season or prior to the time the disease usually occurs |
RAKSHA ANTHRAX |
| Theileriasis | 2 months and above; repeat every 3 yrs if recommended
|
3 ml SC | Do not vaccinate animals in advanced stage of pregnancy | RAKSHAVAC-T |
| Brucellosis | 4 to 8 months
|
2 ml of reconstituted vaccine by SC | Only in serologically negative female calves.
-Male calves should not be vaccinated. -Do not vaccinate the pregnant animal |
BRUVAX ; BRUCELLA VACCINE LIVING |
Resource: Indian Immunological Pvt. Ltd; Intervet India Pvt. Ltd.
Vaccination Schedule for Sheep & Goats
|
Disease |
Age and booster doses | Route | Remarks |
Vaccines available |
| Foot and Mouth Disease | 3-4 month of age, repeat every, booster 3-4 weeks after 1st inj. Every 6 /12 month interval | SC or IM depending on the vaccine | 1 ml SC | BOVILIS FMDV Gel; FUTVAC; RAKSHA; RAKSHA-OVAC; BOVILIS FMDV GEL; BOVILIS CLOVAX |
| Enterotoxaemia | At 3-4 months of age , repeat 3-4 weeks after 1st inj. Every 6 / 12 month interval
|
2 ml SC | First two doses before august | BOVILIS ETV; ET VACCINE; RAKSHA ET; BOVILIS MCV |
| Hemorrhagic Septicaemia | 3-4 months, 3-4 weeks after 1st inj. repeat Every 6 / 12 month interval
|
1ml SC | May/ June | RAKSHA-HS |
| Anthrax | 4-6 months, repeat annually | 0.5 ml SC at tail fold | In endemic areas only-One month before grazing season or prior to the time the disease usually occurs | RAKSHA ANTHRAX |
| Tetanus | 3-4 months, repeat at 6 months and then annually | 0.5 – 1 ml SC or IM | TETANUS TOXOID | |
| PPR | 3 months, repeat every 3 year | 1 ml SC | Avoid use in advanced pregnancy | RAKSHA-PPR |
| Goat pox | 3-4 month of age, 3-4 weeks after 1st inj. Every 12 month interval
|
1 ml IM | Goat pox vaccine | |
| Sheep pox | 3 months | 1 ml IM | Vaccinate after lambing season or during onset of breeding season | RAKSHA-SP |
Resource: Indian Immunological Pvt. Ltd; Intervet India Pvt. Ltd.
Combination vaccines for Livestock
|
Vaccines |
Disease | Age and booster doses | Route and dose |
Remarks |
| HS+BQ VACCINE., BOVILIS HSBQ | HS and BQ | 6 months, revaccinate annually | 4 ml SC | Sheep, Goat: 1ml |
| RAKSHA BIOVAC | FMD and HS | 4 months, Booster after 9 months; revaccinate annually | 3 ml deep IM | Sheep, Goat: 1ml |
| RAKSHA HS+BQ | HS and BQ | 6 months, revaccinate annually | 3 ml SC | Sheep, Goat: 1ml |
| RAKSHA TRIOVAC | FMD, HS and BQ | 4 months, Booster after 9 months; revaccinate annually | 3 ml deep IM | Sheep, Goat: 1ml |
Resource: Indian Immunological Pvt. Ltd. Intervet India Pvt. Ltd.
Vaccination Schedule for Pigs
|
Disease |
Age and booster doses | Route |
Remarks |
| Swine erysipelas | 6-8 weeks, repeat every 6-9 months | SC or IM depending on the vaccine | |
| Swine fever | 6-8 weeks, annual | 1 ml SC | |
| Foot and mouth disease | 6-8 weeks, repeat every 6-9 months | 1ml SC | Immunity only 4-6 months |
| Tetanus | 4-6 weeks, 12 weeks and annual | 1-2 ml SC or IM | During surgery and wound treatment |
Swine fever- Lapanised swine fever vaccine; Swine erysipelas vaccine-Suvaxyn E-Oral by Pfizer Animal Health; Ery Shield by Novartis
Vaccination Schedule for Equine
|
Disease/vaccine |
Foals and Weanlings | Yearlings | Performance or Pleasure Horses |
Remarks |
| Tetanus toxoid | From non-vaccinated mare: First dose: 3-4 months Second dose: 4-5 months From vaccinated mare: |
Annual | Annual | Administer during surgery and wound treatment @5ml IM-tetanus anti toxin may be given @1500-3000 IU |
| Influenza | Inactivated injectable: From non-vaccinated mare: First dose: 6 months Second dose: 7 months Third dose: 8 months, then at 3-month intervals. From vaccinated mare: Intranasal modified live virus: |
Every 3-4 months
Every 6 months |
Annual, with added boosters prior to likely exposure
Every 6 months |
There are restrictions for pregnant mares, but not open mares |
| Rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1 and EHV-4) |
First dose: 4-6 months Second dose: 5-7 months Third dose: 6-8 months, then at 3-month intervals. |
Booster every 3 to 4 months up to annually | Performance horses: Booster every 3-4 months up to annually. Pleasure horses: Optional: semi-annual if elected. |
|
| West Nile | First dose: 3-4 months Second dose: 1 month later (plus 3rd dose at 6 months in areas at risk) |
Annual booster, prior to expected risk. Vaccinate semi-annually or more frequently (every 4 months), depending on risk. | Annual booster, prior to expected risk. Vaccinate semi-annually or more frequently (every 4 months), depending on risk. | – Usually given in the spring or prior to mosquito season &/or bird migration risk in your area
-Must use the same Brand of vaccine for 2nd dose, and boosters. |
| Equine Encephalomyelitis, Eastern, Western, Venezuelan (EEE,WEE,VEE) Sleeping sickness |
EEE (in high-risk areas): First dose: 3-4 months Second dose: 4-5 months Third dose: 5-6 months WEE,EEE (in low-risk areas) and VEE: From vaccinated mare: |
Annual, spring
Annual |
Annual
Annual |
Usually given in the spring before insect & mosquito season |
| Strangles | Injectable: First dose: 4-6 months Second dose: 5-7 months Third dose: 7-8 months (depending on product used) Fourth dose: 12 months Intranasal: |
Semi-annual | Optional: semi-annual if risk is high. | |
| Potomac Horse Fever | First dose: 5-6 months Second dose: 6-7 months |
Semi-annual | Semi-annual | |
| Equine Viral Arteritis | Intact colts intended to be breeding stallions: one dose at 6-12 months of age. | Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions | Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions | |
| Botulism (inactivated type B toxoid) | From vaccinated mare: 3-dose series of toxoid at 30-day intervals, starting at 2-3 months of age. |
|||
| Rotavirus A | Little value to vaccination of foals because there is insufficient time to develop antibodies for protection during susceptible age. | Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| Rabies | 1st dose at 6 month age | Annual | Annual | Only in endemic area |
Various equine vaccines and their resources
|
Vaccines |
Disease |
Resource |
| Prodigy (EHV-1); Pneumabort-K + 1b (EHV-1 | Merck;
|
|
| Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV (Rhino + Flu) | EHV-4 and EHV-1 | Boehringer Ingelheim |
| Encevac TC-4 + VEE (3-way S. Sickness + Tet. + Flu); Fluvac Innovator 4 (2-way S. Sickness + Tet + Flu) | Eastern, Western and Venezuelan encephalomyelitis, tetanus and influenza subtypes A1 and A2. | Merck; Pfizer (Ft Dodge) |
| Equiloid Innovator (2-way S. Sickness + Tet) | Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis and tetanus. | Pfizer (Ft Dodge) |
| Fluvac Innovator 6 (3-way S. Sickness + Tet. + Flu + Rhino) | Eastern, Western and Venezuelan encephalomyelitis, influenza, tetanus and rhinopneumonitis EHV-1 & EHV-4) | Pfizer (Ft Dodge) |
| Fluvac Innovator EHV-4/1 (Rhino + Flu); Prestige II with Havlogen (Rhino + Flu) | Rhinopheumonitis and Influenza | Pfizer (Ft Dodge); Merck |
| Botvax-B | Cl. botulinum Type B | Neogen Corp |
| Equine Coli Endotox (E. coli) | Endotoxemia and diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli in newborn foals: Administer contents of syringe (10 ml) orally to each foal within 12 hours after birth. | Novartis Animal Health |
| Recombitek West Nile Vaccine; West Nile Innovator | West Nile Virus | Merial; Pfizer (Ft Dodge) |
| West Nile Innovator + EWT (W. Nile + 2-way S. Sickness + Tet) | Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, tetanus and West Nile Virus | Pfizer (Ft Dodge) |
Vaccination Schedule for Dogs
|
Disease |
Age and booster doses | Route | Remarks |
Vaccines available |
| Canine Distemper and Canine Parvovirus | 6 weeks | SC | NOBIVAC-PUPPY DP | |
| Canine Distemper, Infectious Canine Hepatitis, Canine Parvovirus, Respiratory diseases caused by Canine Adenovirus type 2 and Canine Para-influenza, and Leptospirosis (L. canicola & L. icterohaemorrhagiae | 8-12 weeks; booster 3-4 weeks after primary vaccination; revaccinate annually | SC or IM | If dog is primarily vaccinated before 8 weeks of age, two booster should be administered at the 3 weeks intervals | NOBIVAC-DHPPi+L; MEGAVAC-6; CANIGEN DHPPi/L; VENGUARD 5L; DURAMUNE MAX 5/4L |
| Canine Corona Virus | 12 weeks; booster 3 weeks after primary vaccination; revaccinate annually | 1 ml SC or IM | VANGUARD CV; DURAMUNE CvK; MEGAVAC-CC | |
| Rabies | 3 months; revaccinate annually in endemic areas. | 1ml SC or IM | If dog is primarily vaccinated before 3 month age, booster should be administered at 3 month age. | RAKSHARAB; RABIGEN; NOBIVAC-RABIES; RABIGEN; RABVAC 1; RABIVAC VET; DEFENSOR 1 |
Resource: Indian Immunological Pvt. Ltd; Virbac, Intervet India Pvt. Ltd; Pfizer india Pvt. Ltd.
Vaccination Schedule for Cats
|
Age |
Vaccination |
Remarks |
| 6-7 weeks | Combination Vaccine | A combination vaccine includes feline distemper, rhinotracheitis, and calicivirus. Some may also include Chlamydophila. |
| 10 weeks | Combination Vaccine | If cat is primarily vaccinated before 3 month age, booster should be administered at 3 month age. |
| 12 weeks or older | Rabies | |
| 13 weeks | Combination vaccine and Feline Leukemia (FeLV) | For kittens at risk of exposure to feline leukemia virus. |
| 16 & 19 weeks | Combination vaccine FeLV: |
|
| Adults (annual boosters) | Combination vaccine Chlamydophila (Pneumonitis) FeLV Rabies |
-Cats at low risk of disease exposure may not need to be boostered yearly for most diseases.
-Recommendations vary depending on the age, breed, and health status of the cat, the potential of the cat to be exposed to the disease, the type of vaccine, whether the cat is used for breeding, and the geographical area where the cat lives or may visit |
Continuum® Feline HCP Vaccine [against rhinotracheitis caused by herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), calicivirus (FCV) and panleukopenia (FPV)] by Intervet; Feline leukemia vaccine Leukocell 2 by Pfizer Animal Health; Fel-O-Vax LV-K by Boehringer Ingelheim
Precautions
- Use of vaccine as per the recommendations of the manufacturers.
- Animals already sick and/or heavily infested with parasites should not be vaccinated.
- Kids are naturally protected from diseases up to 3 months by proper feeding of colostrum immediately after birth.
- Vaccination of animals during estrus, pregnancy or lactation should be avoided.
- Animals under corticosteroid, radiation and immunosuppressive-therapy should not be vaccinated.
- In rare cases hypersensitivity may occur, in these circumstances Veterinarian should be immediately consulted.
- For optimum benefits of vaccinations, deworm your animal at least 15 days before vaccination.
| The content of the articles are accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge. It is not meant to substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, or formal and individualized advice from a veterinary medical professional. Animals exhibiting signs and symptoms of distress should be seen by a veterinarian immediately. |
2 Trackbacks / Pingbacks